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Graphite Purification via Multi-Stage Acid Leaching
8 unit operations · 10 streams · NRTL Activity Model · components: water, sulfuric-acid-aq, nitric-acid, hydrochloric-acid, ferric-sulfate-aq, aluminum-sulfate-aq, magnesium-sulfate-aq, hydrogen, zinc-sulfate-aq, titanium-tetrachloride
This flowsheet models the purification of natural graphite through sequential acid leaching to remove metallic impurities. The solid feed contains 95 wt% graphite with SiO₂, Fe, Al, Mg and Ti impurities at a P80 of approximately 150 µm. A mixed H₂SO₄–HNO₃–HCl leaching system is evaluated at an initial operating temperature of 40°C. The flowsheet uses staged leaching to represent the removal of Fe, Al, Mg and Ti, producing a purified graphite solid stream and a metal-containing pregnant leach solution. Objective: establish a baseline mass-balance model and ultimately determine the acid composition and operating temperature that maximize impurity removal and final graphite purity. Current status: Baseline model developed and converged. Next step is validation against experimental/literature data followed by sensitivity analysis and optimization.
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